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Objective:To study the risk factors for contralateral hip fracture within 2 years after primary hip fracture surgery in elderly patients.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted of the 1,962 elderly patients who had been surgically treated for hip fractures at Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from May 2015 to April 2018. They were 573 males and 1,389 females; the median age of primary hip fracture was 81 (75, 86) years. They were divided into 2 groups according to whether a contralateral hip fracture occurred or not within 2 years after primary hip surgery: 134 patients in the contralateral fracture group and 1,828 ones in the contralateral fracture-free group. The duration from primary hip fracture to secondary contralateral fracture was recorded. The χ2 test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare between the 2 groups their gender, age, walking ability, laboratory indexes upon admission, concomitant internal diseases, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), duration from admission to surgery, duration from admission to discharge and complications during follow-up. The risk factors for contralateral hip fracture within 2 years after primary hip surgery were determined by the Cox's proportional hazard regression model. Results:In the elderly patients with hip fracture, the 2-year cumulative incidence of secondary contralateral hip fracture was 6.83%(134/1,962) and the median duration from primary surgery to secondary contralateral hip fracture was 365 (189, 611) d. The risk factors for contralateral hip fracture were female ( RR=2.081, 95% CI: 1.351 to 3.207, P=0.001), concomitant peripheral vascular disease ( RR=5.876, 95% CI: 2.922 to 11.818, P< 0.001), concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( RR=3.750, 95% CI: 1.897 to 7.413, P< 0.001), progressively higher CCI ( RR=1.363, 95% CI: 1.223 to 1.519, P<0.001), complicated pneumonia ( RR=3.606, 95% CI: 2.054 to 6.332, P<0.001), complicated urinary infection ( RR=7.670, 95% CI: 4.441 to 13.248, P<0.001), and complicated deep venous thrombosis (DVT) ( RR=7.389, 95% CI: 3.992 to 13.677, P<0.001). Conclusions:The risk factors for contralateral hip fracture within 2 years after primary hip fracture surgery in elderly patients may be female, concomitant peripheral vascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, progressively higher CCI, and complicated pneumonia, urinary infection and DVT.
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OBJECTIVE:To compare in vitro percutaneous permeation characteristics of glycyrrhizic acid in 6 kinds of glycyrrhetate creams,and to provide reference for further development and utilization. METHODS:Modified Franz diffusion cell and isolated rat skin were adopted for in vitro percutaneous permeation test. 24 h accumulative permeation of glycyrrhizic acid in 6 kinds of glycyrrhetate creams(monoammonium glycyrrhizinate,diammonium glycyrrhizinate,monopotassium glycyrrhizinate, dipotassium glycyrrhizate,trisodium glycyrrhizinate,disodium glycyrrhetate)were determined by HPLC. The permeation characteristics of 6 kinds of glycyrrhetate creams were evaluated by calculating percutaneous absorption rate. RESULTS:24 h accumulative permeation of 6 kinds of glycyrrhetate in rat skin in descending order was as follows:trisodium glycyrrhizinate (23.933 μ g/cm2)>dipotassium glycyrrhizinate(22.952 μ g/cm2)>disodium glycyrrhizinate(15.424 μ g/cm2)>monopotassium glycyrrhizinate(10.703 μg/cm2)>diammonium glycyrrhizinate(9.557 μg/cm2)>monoammonium glycyrrhizinate(1.621 μg/cm2). The percutaneous permeation rate in descending order was as follows as trisodium glycyrrhizinate [1.010 2 μ g/(cm2·h)]>dipotassium glycyrrhizinate [0.974 5 μg/(cm2·h)]>disodium glycyrrhizinate [0.641 2 μg/(cm2·h)]>diammonium glycyrrhizinate [0.399 9 μg/(cm2·h)]>monopotassium glycyrrhizinate[0.362 8 μg/(cm2·h)]>monoammonium glycyrrhizinate[0.072 6 μg/(cm2·h)]. CONCLUSIONS:The permeation rate of trisodium glycyrrhizinate is the highest among 6 kinds of glycyrrhetate creams in vitro.
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Objective To observe the immunological mechanism of glycyrrhizic acid ointment on chronic eczema mouse model. Methods Mice were randomly divided into blank control group,model control group,base material group, dexamethasone acetate cream group,glycyrrhizic acid ointment high,medium and low dose groups.Except for the blank control group,chronic eczema mouse model was established by chronic repeated 2,4-nitrochlorobenzene stimulation.The contents of IL-4, IL-18,IFN-γ in serum and the T lymphocyte subpopulation in the peripheral blood were all determined after 14 days. Results Glycyrrhizic acid ointment in high,medium groups could significantly reduce the contents of interleukin (IL)-2,IL-5,IL-6,IL-18,interferon(IFN)-γ in serum,with significant differences as compared with the model control group(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The content of IL-4 in serum was significantly increased in the glycyrrhizic acid ointment high,medium groups as compared with the model control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05).Compared with model control group,CD+4T lymphocyte percentage and CD+4/CD+8T in peripheral blood were significantly increased,and CD+8T lymphocyte percentage decreased significantly (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion Glycyrrhizic acid ointment's effect of treating chronic eczema may be related to regulating the balance of Th1 and Th2 and correcting the immune disorders.
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Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of telmisartan and amlodipine in treatment of hypertension complicated with diabetes.Methods Retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang database by computer, randomized controlled trials( RCTs) about telmisartan versus amlodipine in treatment of hypertension and diabetes were collected, then relevant date were extracted, Meta-analysis was drawn by RevMan 5.3 statistical software.Results A total of 11 RCTs were included involving 914 patients.The results of Meta-analysis revealed that telmisartan was better than amlodipine in fasting blood glucose reduction[MD =-0.54,95%CI( -0.87, -0.21),P =0.001], glycosylated hemoglobinreduction[MD=-0.60,95%CI( -1.12,-0.07),P =0.03] and HOMA insulin resistance index reduction[MD =-1.27, 95%CI( -1.81,-0.73),P<0.001],there were statistical significance.There were no significant difference in systolic blood pressure[MD =2.39, 95%CI( -0.21,4.98),P=0.07],diastolic blood pressure[MD =0.17,95%CI( -0.95,1.29),P =0.77] and adverse drug reaction[RR=0.70, 95%CI(0.41,1.19),P=0.19].Conclusion For patients with hypertension and diabetes, telmisartan in decreasing fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobinand HOMA insulin resistance index is more effective than that of amlodipine, blood pressure in patients with equivalent,antihypertensive and safety are similar.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of compatibility on clinical efficacy action of the prescription containing Curcu-ma zedoaria,and to improve the pertinence of drug use by medical staff and clinical efficacy of C. zedoaria. METHODS:By re-viewing relevant literatures,the prescriptions containing C. zedoaria were selected to summarize the effects of compatibility on clini-cal efficacy of C. zedoaria. RESULTS:345 prescriptions containing C. zedoaria were collected,mainly including the compatibility of C. zedoaria with traditional Chinese medicine which promote the circulation of qi,activate blood and remove blood stasis,toni-fy deficiency,warm interior and clear heat. The prescriptions containing C. zedoaria with sparganii often included Rhizoma Sparga-nii and C. zedoaria,involving 219 prescriptions(13.94%). CONCLUSIONS:C. zedoaria have the effects of activating blood stag-nation,promoting the circulation of qi,removing food retention and relieving pain;different compatibility greatly influence the clinical efficacy of C. zedoaria;common couplet medicines are R. Sparganii and C. zedoaria,and it can play the role of activating blood stagnation,promoting the circulation of qi,removing food retention and relieving pain;Common Vladimiria Root combined with Rheum palmatum can promote the circulation of qi and relieve pain. Medical staff should prescribe the prescriptions and use drugs for the compatibility of C. zedoaria based on clinical demands.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacodynamic effects of volatile oil from Homalomena occulta on adjuvant-induced arthritis(AA)model rats and its mechanism. METHODS:60 rats were randomly divided into normal control group(0.5%polysor-bate 80),model control group (0.5% polysorbate 80),positive control group (Tripterygium glycosides tablets,10 mg/kg), high-dose,middle-dose and low-dose(0.08,0.04 and 0.02 ml/kg)groups of volatile oil from H. occulta. Except for normal control group,other groups were given complete Freund's adjuvant subcutaneously via right rear foot plantar to induce AA model,and giv-en relevant medicine intragastrically for 25 days,once a day,since modeling. The articular swelling degree,immune organ (thy-mus gland and spleen) index,pathological change,the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum were detected. RESULTS:Com-pared with normal control group,the primary and secondary articular swelling degree and thymus gland index of rats and the serum contents of IL-1β and TNF-α increased in model control group,while spleen index decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);obvious tissue swelling,large amount of neutrophile granulocyte,leukomonocyte and macrophage infiltrating joint surrounding tissue,the prolifer-ation of synovial cells and obvious osteoarthritic lesion were observed in podarthrum. Compared with model control group,the pri-mary and secondary articular swelling degree and the serum content of IL-1β decreased in the volatile oil from H. occulta groups;thymus gland index increased in middle-dose and low-dose groups of the volatile oil from H. occulta;the content of TNF-α de-creased in high-dose group of the volatile oil from H. occulta(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The inflammatory cell infiltration of joint sur-rounding tissue relieved in treatment groups,synovial cells proliferation was not obvious and synovial cells morphology was im-proved. CONCLUSIONS:The volatile oil from H. occulta has the pharmacodynamic effects on AA in rat,and its mechanism might be related to the serum content reduction of IL-1β and TNF-α.
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Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of glycyrrhizic acid ointment on chronic eczema in guinea pigs.Methods Totally,60 Kunming male mice,60 Kunming mice and 60 albino guinea pigs were respectively classified into 6 groups:model group,ointment base group,dexamethasone group,high-,medium-and low-dose glycyrrhizic acid group.To observe the effect of glycyrrhizic acid ointment on the swelling of mouse auricles,dexamethasone and different doses of glycyrrhizic acid ointment were topically applied to both auricles of male mice in corresponding groups followed by the establishement of mouse auricle swelling model induced by xylene.One and a half hours later,the mice were sacrificed,and the weight of swelling auricles was weighed.Scratching behavior was induced by dextran 40 in Kunming mice following the application of dexamethasone or glycyrrhizic acid ointment.The latent period and frequency of scraching were recorded for every Kunming mice.To establish a model of eczema,guinea pigs were sensitized with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB,5％) in the neck and back and challenged by DNCB (0.1％) on the inner surface of right ears once a week for 4 weeks;subsequently,both auricles were treated with dexamethasone or glycyrrhizic acid ointment once a day for 10 days.Then,the thickness of auricles of guinea pigs was measured,and skin tissue was obtained from the right ear of guinea pigs and subjected to a pathological analysis.Results The high- and medium-dose of glycyrrhizic acid ointment could suppress the xylene-induced swelling of mouse auricles (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ).The latent period of scratching could be lengthened by high dose of glycyrrhizic acid (P ＜ 0.05).The three doses of glycyrrhizic acid all reduced scratching frequency in Kunming mice (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ).Attenuated swelling of auricles (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ) and relieved pathological changes were observed in guinea pigs after treatment with glycyrrhizic acid ointment.Conclusion Glycyrrhizic acid ointment shows a therapeutic effect on chronic eczema in guinea pigs.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanism of action on compatible using of total alkaloids of Radix Aconiti Praeparata and total glycosides or polysaccharides of Radix Paeoniae Alba therapy on rheumatoid arthritis in rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The rat models of rheumatoid arthritis of cold and dampness syndrome were treated with total alkaloids of Radix Aconiti Praeparata and total glycosides or polysaccharides of Radix Paeoniae Alba. Observed the contents of hypothalamic L-ENK, hypothalamic-END, plasmatic SP, serumal IgG, serumal cell factors (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-2, IL-10) by radioimmunity method and ultrastructural change of synovial cell in electron microscope.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Total alkaloids of Radix Aconiti Praeparata and total glycosides or polysaccharides of Radix Paeoniae Alba could relieve arthrocele and arthralgia and elevate the contents of L-ENK, beta-END, IL-2 and degrade the contents of SP, IgG, IL-1beta, IL-6 and inhibit abnormal secretion accentuation of synovial cell like fiber.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Total alkaloids of Radix Aconiti Praeparata and total glycosides or polysaccharides of Radix Paeoniae Alba could be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis of cold and dampness syndrome. The mechanism of action might be that the contents of center endogenous opioid peptides had increased, the synthesis and release of SP had been inhibited, the disturbance of serumal cell factor had been adjusted, and the synthesis and secretion of serum immune globulin and abnormal secretion accentuation of synovial cell had been inhibited.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Aconitum , Chemistry , Alkaloids , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Cytokines , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Disease Models, Animal , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Glycosides , Paeonia , Chemistry , Polysaccharides , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Objective To set up a new method for fast determining and identifying Xintong Oral Liquid by acousto-optic tunable filter-near infrared(AOTF-NIR)spectroscopy.Methods Identifying method by NIR spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis(PCA),and determining model of qualitative and quantitative analyses based on PLS1 algorithm.Results The XT-C identifying model could be used to identify Xintong Oral Liquid,the determining model of qualitative and quantitative analyses with better accuracy,RMSEP of the models for puerarin was 0.137 1,the determination coefficients was R2=0.984 5.The correlation coefficient of the true value and predication value from validation was r2=0.996 4.The average recovery of the predication set was 101.9%.RSD for precision was 1.98%,RSD for stability was 1.57%.Conclusion The method is a quick and simple assay technique with low cost,which is able to be used in the qualitative and quantitive analyses on Xintong Oral Liquid.